Meta & Fysikken: Afsnit 96: Genavendelige raketter, nordlys, Nobelpriser og atombomber.
Vi kommer lidt rundt i dagens afsnit, hvor vi naturligvis berører SpaceX’s fantastiske bedrift med at griber boosterraketten, efter prøve-opsendelse nummer 5 af Starship.
Vi taler også om nordlys, Nobelpriser og atombomber. Blandt andet….
Her er Karina’s noter til dagens afsnit.
1: Musks Måneraket
https://www.sciencealert.com/watch-amazing-moment-as-spacex-catches-giant-starship-booster
[EXPLAINED]:How does the Mechazilla catch system physically operate to capture the Starship during landing? What are the key mechanical components involved? SpaceX's Mechazilla represents a groundbreaking approach to spacecraft recovery, specifically designed to capture the Starship during its landing phase. The system is situated on a launch platform in Boca Chica, Texas, and consists of two massive robotic arms, each measuring approximately 100 meters in height and designed for precision and strength. These arms are constructed from high-strength steel, engineered to endure the extreme forces exerted during the catch process. The operational mechanics of Mechazilla are multifaceted, beginning with its advanced tracking systems. High-resolution cameras, combined with LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) technology, provide real-time data on the Starship’s descent trajectory. This enables the system to calculate the optimal catch parameters with a latency of mere milliseconds, ensuring that the arms can respond swiftly to any changes in the spacecraft's flight path. The Starship, when descending, can travel at speeds exceeding 8,000 kilometers per hour, making this real-time tracking essential for successful recovery.
To facilitate the catch, each arm features a sophisticated soft capture mechanism, which consists of articulated grippers designed to gently engage with the Starship's aft section. These grippers utilize a combination of pneumatic (hydraulisk system bare med luft) and mechanical systems to create a secure hold without damaging the vehicle's surface. The design is particularly crucial as it minimizes stress on the spacecraft, allowing for repeated reusability. Moreover, the Mechazilla arms are powered by a robust hydraulic system capable of generating forces of over 1,000 kN (kilonewtons). This high-pressure hydraulic setup enables the arms to move swiftly and with high precision. The arms can adjust their position dynamically, accounting for factors such as wind speed and atmospheric disturbances. This adaptability is vital for ensuring a successful capture, given the unpredictable nature of landing conditions.
The control systems for Mechazilla are equally sophisticated, employing machine learning algorithms to enhance the accuracy of the catch process. These algorithms analyze historical landing data and current environmental conditions to optimize the catching technique. Additionally, redundancy is built into the system to ensure safety; multiple sensors and backup systems are in place to prevent failure during critical moments. As the Starship descends, it performs a series of maneuvers, including a flip maneuver designed to position its landing legs downward. Mechazilla must synchronize its movements with these maneuvers to ensure a seamless catch. The successful integration of software and hardware makes it possible for Mechazilla to respond to the Starship's movements in real-time, achieving alignment within a few centimeters of precision. With a weight capacity exceeding 100 tons, Mechazilla is more than capable of handling the Starship's mass, which, when fully fueled, can reach over 1,200 tons. This capability not only enhances the safety and reliability of recoveries but also significantly reduces operational costs by allowing for rapid turnaround between missions. Overall, the Mechazilla catch system exemplifies cutting-edge engineering and innovation in aerospace technology. By integrating advanced mechanical design, real-time sensor technology, and state-of-the-art control systems, SpaceX is revolutionizing the way rockets are recovered and reused. As the company continues to refine this system, Mechazilla stands as a critical component of its goal to make space travel more accessible and sustainable.
2: Nordlys
https://videnskab.dk/rummet/hvad-er-det-maerkelige-steve-himmelfaenomen-egentlig
The Sun constantly sends a stream of charged particles (mainly electrons and protons) out into space, which is known as the solar wind.
As the solar wind flows by the Earth, our planet’s magnetic field guides these particles toward the poles, where they collide with gases like oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere. As these particles strike the gas atoms and molecules, they release energy in the form of light, creating the beautiful colors we see!
Oxygen gives us the green and red shades, while nitrogen adds purple and blue.
During a geomagnetic storm (which happens when the Sun is especially active), the solar wind becomes stronger, making the auroras even more vibrant and widespread. Auroras are easier to see in a dark sky without light pollution!
3: Komet
https://videnskab.dk/rummet/ny-komet-kan-blive-aarhundredets-komet-saadan-spotter-du-den/
(Måske gemme det her?)
Vi lander snart på den der asteroide som vi sprængte en bombe på:
https://videnskab.dk/rummet/dansk-satellit-skal-lande-paa-gennempryglet-asteroide/
https://www.facebook.com/share/fXvrvxbUN6cu6npY/?mibextid=WC7FNe
4: Nobel priser:
Fysik: Hopfield & Hinton
Prize motivation: “for foundational discoveries and inventions that enable machine learning with artificial neural networks”
For mig er det her mere Computer Science end Fysik, men de har jo ikke deres egen Nobel Pris.
Kemi:
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2024 is about proteins, life’s ingenious chemical tools. David Baker has succeeded with the almost impossible feat of building entirely new kinds of proteins. Demis Hassabis and John Jumper have developed an AI model to solve a 50-year-old problem: predicting proteins’ complex structures. These discoveries hold enormous potential.
Fredsprisen:
Prize motivation: “for its efforts to achieve a world free of nuclear weapons and for demonstrating through witness testimony that nuclear weapons must never be used again”
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2024/nihon-hidankyo/facts/
Atombomben:
https://alexwellerstein.com/projects/nukemap/
saa kan man se hvor stor en spraengning daekker et omraade.
Den tredje bombe: